Instrument Frequency ranges
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Kick Drum
Any apparent muddiness can be rolled off around 300Hz.
Try a small boost around 5-7kHz to add some high end.
Frequency Effect
50-100Hz Adds bottom to the sound
100-250Hz Adds roundness
250-800Hz Muddiness Area
5-8kHz Adds high end prescence
8-12kHz Adds Hiss
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Snare
Try a small boost around 60-120Hz if the sound is a little too wimpy.
Try boosting around 6kHz for that 'snappy' sound.
Frequency Effect
100-250Hz Fills out the sound
6-8kHz Adds prescence
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Hi hats or cymbals
Any apparent muddiness can be rolled off around 300Hz.
To add some brightness try a small boost around 3kHz.
Frequency Effect
250-800Hz Muddiness area
1-6kHz Adds presence
6-8kHz Adds clarity
8-12kHz Adds brightness
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Bass
Try boosting around 60Hz to add more body.
Any apparent muddiness can be rolled off around 300Hz.
f more presence is needed, boost around 6kHz.
Frequency Effect
50-100Hz Adds bottom end
100-250Hz Adds roundness
250-800Hz Muddiness Area
800-1kHz Adds beef to small speakers
1-6kHz Adds presence
6-8kHz Adds high-end presence
8-12kHz Adds hiss
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Vocals
This is a difficult one, as it depends on the mic used to record the vocal.
However...
Apply either cut or boost around 300hz, depending on the mic and song.
Apply a very small boost around 6kHz to add some clarity.
Frequency Effect
100-250Hz Adds 'up-frontness'
250-800Hz Muddiness area
1-6kHz Adds presence
6-8kHz Adds sibilance and clarity
8-12kHz Adds brightness
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Piano
Any apparent muddiness can be rolled off around 300Hz.
Apply a very small boost around 6kHz to add some clarity.
Frequency Effect
50-100Hz Adds bottom
100-250Hz Adds roundness
250-1kHz Muddiness area
1-6kHz Adds presence
6-8Khz Adds clarity
8-12kHz Adds hiss
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Electric guitars
Again this depends on the mix and the recording.
Apply either cut or boost around 300hz, depending on the song and sound.
try boosting around 3kHz to add some edge to the sound, or cut to add some transparency.
Try boosting around 6kHz to add presence.
Try boosting around 10kHz to add brightness.
Frequency Effect
100-250Hz Adds body
250-800Hz Muddiness area
1-6Khz Cuts through the mix
6-8kHz Adds clarity
8=12kHz Adds hiss
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Acoustic guitar
Any apparent muddiness can be rolled off between 100-300Hz.
Apply small amounts of cut around 1-3kHz to push the image higher.
Apply small amounts of boost around 5kHz to add some presence.
Frequency Effect
100-250Hz Adds body
6-8kHz Adds clarity
8-12kHz Adds brightness
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Strings
These depend entirely on the mix and the sound used.
Frequency Effect
50-100Hz Adds bottom end
100-250Hz Adds body
250-800Hz Muddiness area
1-6hHz Sounds crunchy
6-8kHz Adds clarity
8-12kHz Adds brightness
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Low Bass: anything less than 50Hz This range is often known as the sub bass and
is most commonly taken up by the lowest part of the kick drum and bass guitar,
although at these frequencies it's almost impossible to determine any pitch. Sub
bass is one of the reasons why 12" vinyl became available: low frequencies
require wider grooves than high frequencies - without rolling off everything
below 50Hz you couldn't fit a full track onto a 7" vinyl record. However we do
NOT recommend applying any form of boost around this area without the use of
very high quality studio monitors (not home monitors - there is a vast
difference between home nearfield and studio farfield monitors costing anywhere
between £5,000 and £20,000). Boosting blindly in this area without a valid
reference point can and will permanently damage most speakers, even PA systems.
You have been warned!
Bass: 50-250Hz This is the range you're adjusting when applying the bass boost
on most home stereos, although most bass signals in modern music tracks lie
around the 90-200Hz area with a small boost in the upper ranges to add some
presence or clarity.
Muddiness/irritational area: 200-800Hz The main culprit area for muddy sounding
mixes, hence the term 'irritational area'. Most frequencies around here can
cause psycho-acoustic problems: if too many sounds in a mix are dominating this
area, a track can quickly become annoying, resulting in a rush to finish mixing
it as you get bored or irritated by the sound of it.
Mid-range: 800-6kHz Human hearing is extremely sensitive at these frequencies,
and even a minute boost around here will result in a huge change in the sound -
almost the same as if you boosted around 10db at any other range. This is
because our voices are centred in this area, so it's the frequency range we hear
more than any other. Most telephones work at 3kHz, because at this frequency
speech is most intelligible. This frequency also covers TV stations, radio, and
electric power tools. If you have to apply any boosting in this area, be very
cautious, especially on vocals. We're particularly sensitive to how the human
voice sounds and its frequency coverage.
High Range: 6-8kHz This is the range you adjust when applying the treble boost
on your home stereo. This area is slightly boosted to make sounds artificially
brighter (although this artificial boost is what we now call 'lifelike') when
mastering a track before burning it to CD.
Hi-High Range: 8-20kHz This area is taken up by the higher frequencies of
cymbals and hi-hats, but boosting around this range, particularly around 12kHz
can make a recording sound more high quality than it actually is, and it's a
technique commonly used by the recording industry to fool people into thinking
that certain CDs are more hi-fidelity than they'd otherwise sound. However,
boosting in this area also requires a lot of care - it can easily pronounce any background hiss, and using too much will result in a mix becoming irritating.
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